Preheat the Traeger to 225°F.
In a cast-iron skillet or Dutch oven over medium heat on the stove, sauté the onion, jalapeño, and bell pepper for about 5 minutes until softened. Add the garlic and sauté for a quick minute.
Add the ground beef. Cook until browned, breaking it apart as it cooks. Drain any excess fat using a baster and tilting the skillet.
Add the beans and cook for another 5 minutes.
Add the seasonings and instant coffee, cooking for another 2–3 minutes, mixing well to combine everything.
Add the American cheese, cream cheese, and mozzarella cheese. Place the skillet in the smoker and smoke for 1.5 to 2 hours, stirring every 30 minutes until everything has melted and combined into a smooth and creamy dip.
Remove from the smoker, garnish with your choice of toppings (see notes), and serve warm with tortilla chips.